Stage 2: Therapy for Toddlers
Around 18 months to 3 years, children are discovering the joy—and sometimes frustration—of doing things on their own. It’s the “I can do it myself!” stage. Erikson described this stage as the struggle between autonomy vs shame and doubt. Autonomy is the child’s emerging sense of self-control, self-confidence, and independence. Shame and doubt develop when children feel overly criticized, punished, or restricted, causing them to question their abilities.
Successful resolution helps the child develop willpower—the ability to make choices and act on them with confidence. When they’re encouraged, they develop confidence. When they’re constantly corrected or overprotected, they can feel shame or doubt about their abilities.
How Therapy Can Help
Therapy provides a safe space for children to try new things, make mistakes, and practice independence with support. They can explore their abilities without fear of judgment. Therapy also helps children regulate frustration, cope with setbacks, and build confidence in their growing autonomy. Some techniques we use for kiddos in therapy at this stage are:
Encouraging Choice: We give children small, meaningful decisions in sessions, helping them feel in control and heard.
Celebrating Effort: Success isn’t just about getting it right—it’s about trying. We cheer on attempts, guide gently, and normalize mistakes.
Support Problem-Solving: We model ways to tackle challenges and then let children try themselves, stepping in only when safety or overwhelm is a concern.
Provide Predictable Structure: Children feel confident when routines are consistent. We balance safety and independence so kids feel brave enough to explore.
Our Approach
Play: Play allows kids to express themselves naturally, and it’s a great way for them to work through big emotions, practice social skills, and build confidence without feeling pressured.
Positive Reinforcement: When kids try new things—whether it’s making a decision, taking the lead in a game, or solving a problem—we celebrate those moments. Encouragement and praise go a long way in helping kids develop a strong sense of self-worth.
Learning Through Trial and Error: Kids need the space to explore and figure out what works for them. Whether they succeed or fail, we’re there to guide them, providing reassurance and support in processing their emotions. This helps them feel confident in their ability to handle challenges.
Navigating Social Boundaries: We also help kids understand how to interact with others in a healthy, respectful way. From learning how to cooperate with friends to understanding when it’s okay to lead and when it’s time to follow, we help kids navigate social dynamics with a sense of responsibility and fairness
Why It Matters
Helping children develop autonomy now lays the foundation for lifelong confidence, resilience, and self-efficacy. They learn that it’s okay to try, fail, and try again—and that they have support along the way. Therapy becomes a place where “I can do it” turns into “I can do it—and I’m okay if I don’t get it perfect.”
STAGE 3